History Courses For Dr. Christopher C. Lovett
Introduction Age of Empire Age of Total War Baseball Bibliographies Cloak & Dagger Gulf Wars Harry & Ike Holocaust KSCHE Middle East Modern Civ Soviet Union Terrorism Online Vietnam World Since 1945 World War I World War II WWII Roundtable

Updated as of 2 October 05

Today in History:

On October 2, 1780, Major John Andrι, a British spy associated with Benedict Arnold, was executed on this day in history. 

Quote of the Day:

"In my view we are much worse off now than when we went into Iraq. This is not a partisan position. I voted for these guys."

A senior figure at a military-sponsored think tank as told to James Fallows in "Bush's Lost Year" in The Atlantic Monthly (Oct. 2004)

Was the 2004 Election Stolen?

Take the Ann Coulter Quiz

Where are you politically? Take the Neocon Quiz and find out.

"History is Far too Important to be left to History Professors"

Teaching isn't such a novel idea

Announcements

Age of Despotism

Age of Total War

Current  History

Dictators and Dems

DDE in War & Peace

Splendid Little Wars

Terrorism Online

World War II Online

Bibliography: History of Disease

Bioterrorism

Contemporary Terrorist Organizations

How to Write an Essay

Map of Islamic Terrorist Cells in the U.S.A.

PowerPoint Notes

Reaction Papers

TASK Information Updates

Terrorism Cybrary

Terrorism Filmography

Terrorism Glossary

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Cholera

A Few Comments

•       Victorian cities, especially London were a horrible place in the 1830s through the 1850s.

•       Earlier indoor privies were introduced.

•       Yet the sewer system could not handle the waste products.

•       Cesspools often leaked into basements.

•       Human waste was dumped directly into the Thames.

Cleaning Up the Waste

•       This was left to the night-soil men.

•       The bone pickers.

•       Who did the dirty work for society.

The Need for Pure Water

•       There were a number of water companies that provided pumps for the civil population.

•       But the water was never tested.

•       Then Cholera made its return.

The Outbreaks

•       The first outbreak occurred in 1831.

•       People didn’t know about bacteria.

•       The best minds thought it was caused by “miasma.”

•       The quality of the air.

•       Victorian cities smelled.

•       Twenty-three years later in the Soho district of London, it would make its return.

Going Against the Grain

•       The ultimate victory was Dr. John Snow.

•       Snow was a surgeon, but really was an anesthesiologist.

•       Snow lived not far from the source of the outbreak on Broad Street and thought it had come from the water.

•       He and Rev. Henry Whitehead sought to find the origins of the outbreak by providing a cluster study.